Monday, 14 July 2014

THE MONTH OF TOLERANCE THAT ISN'T

About 1435 years ago, a struggle had already begun; a change of faith that soon swept the Arabian Peninsula, a faith that many say was the epitome of righteousness, fairness and tolerance. Fast forward to present day and you'll find many 'versions' of Islam, each although centered on the belief in a Supreme Being, having its own set of traditions, practices, esteemed leaders and so on.

Some of these versions in their teachings, however, deviate so far from the original (as I would like to refer to it), that, in practice, they fail to maintain a connection with the fundamental concept, while still being associated with it. Jihad is one such example that comes to mind. Unfortunately, Pakistan's legislature is plagued with individuals who embrace such irrational beliefs which inevitably lead to dubious laws such as the Ehtram Ramzan Ordinance of 1981.

The ordinance* prohibits eating and smoking at public places and restaurants are not allowed to serve food after sehri and before iftaar. Theatres and cinemas can only open for three hours a day after iftaar. Cafeterias and restaurants in hospitals, railway stations and bus stands, however, are exempted under the ordinance. Any violations can be punished with a fine and a maximum of three-month prison term.

There are many issues to be highlighted regarding the abovementioned ordinance. Fasting, one of the five pillars of Islam, is the ultimate test of self-control where Muslims must practice patience and tolerance while temporarily being subject to trying conditions of hunger, thirst and restraint, just to name a few. Therefore, the fact that those claiming to propagate Islam are adopting a dogmatic attitude of utter intolerance towards those of other faiths seems essentially hypocritical. Refraining from consuming food publicly should be an act that stems from within an individual out of courtesy, rather than being enforced by legislation. The Holy Qur'an itself states:

“…There is no compulsion in religion…” (2:256).

If not from the Holy Book, why not take an example from the life of the Last Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H.), the man whose qualities are the benchmark for all Muslims. The same man who prayed for the forgiveness of the people of Ta'if, after they had chased him out of the city by hurling stones and the same man who stood up in reverence when a funeral procession of a Jewish woman passed by. Can no parallels be drawn here?

More disturbing is the fact that in the original text of the ordinance, a public place is made to include “…any hotel, restaurant, canteen, house, room, tent, enclosures, road lane, bridge or other place to which the public have access.” Yes, even a ‘house’ and ‘room’ are included; a clear sign that religious policing does not care to respect the privacy of our homes. No government should have the freedom to exercise such policing as it takes away from the sanctity of the act; as I mentioned earlier, wanting to do something and being forced to do something involve two very contrasting thought processes.

But wait, wasn’t Pakistan made based on Islamic principles with a focus on the Muslim majority? Yes, but Islamic principles neither discriminate against non-Muslims nor do they dictate a need for such a law. Now with this statistical approach to legislation in mind, that so many Pakistanis have come to accept, why was there an uproar then, when the ‘burqa’ was banned in France? The majority of the citizens of France feel uncomfortable by the garb and needless to say, Muslims there are indeed a minority (this is not to say that I agree with the ban; merely citing a reference for comparison). But anyway, that topic warrants its own article.

And let’s not forget that although the law is supposedly only for Muslims and excludes all non-Muslims; however, in 2009 two Christian men were arrested from the city of Silanwali for eating in public. There is little in this news bite that comes as a surprise; with the prevalent poverty and corruption, there is little (if any) anyone can do to prevent some of the law enforcers from making a quick buck or two. Protection of minorities is already almost non-existent and during Ramadan, there is an additional possibility of falling prey to the misuse of the ordinance by those who have suddenly become religiously devout.

Other than an irrational religious basis, the ordinance is also impractical. Consider, for example, those individuals who suffer from chronic illness or injury and women who are in their final stage of pregnancy or are nursing mothers; for them, fasting is not an obligation. Why must they refrain from consumption of food when they are in a condition beyond their control that prevents them from fasting? There may be emergencies where a fasting individual may require food and water with no hospital nearby. Should they be denied dietary requirements which they may possibly need to survive? To put things in perspective, imagine the sale of sugary foods being banned due to the presence of many diabetics in the populace. Clearly, most of us would disagree with the rule.

One might even say that a sound argument may not even be required for the ordinance to exist, simply because religion, just like any lifestyle, boils down to individual choice. Choosing to be Muslim is a matter of choice and with it, comes all the duties and responsibilities that the religion entails. Surely, no one else must be held accountable for it, nor must their freedom be curtailed simply because they do not follow a lifestyle that the majority takes pride in.

Put simply, it is not the abstinence from food and beverages that captures the essence of Ramadan, it is the constant struggle to be good human beings and practice righteousness even in the most challenging of circumstances. Here's hoping to a month filled with the true essence of Islam instead of mindless religious fervor. Ramadan Mubarak!


*The original print of the ordinance can be found at http://goo.gl/vW3YnW.

By: Ashhad Qureshi

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